Available from: This page was last edited on 11 January 2021, at 13:16. List subscribe • Repeatable documentation protocols are necessary. A network of primary biodiversity repositories. through land loss). [9], This programme aims to provide an integrated database storage and maintenance system on biological resources in the state and traditional knowledge on growing indigenous plants. Deforestation, caused by unsustainable logging and agriculture, could be the next extinction driver, because birds lose their habitat and their food. Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. British environmental scientist Norman Myers and his colleagues have identified 25 terrestrial biodiversity hotspots that could serve as priorities for habitat protection. Follow-up of the document. n. 1. There are many organizations devoted to the cause of prioritizing conservation efforts such as the Red List of Threatened Species from the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the United States Endangered Species Act. Biodiversity is commonly identified at three levels. The question of net loss in confined regions is often a matter of debate but longer observation times are generally thought to be beneficial to loss estimates.[7][8]. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. The UN's Global Biodiversity Outlook 2014 estimates that 70 percent of the projected loss of terrestrial biodiversity are caused by agriculture use. It is a product of the Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.It is an action agenda for the UN, other multilateral organizations, and individual governments around the world that can be executed at local, national, and global levels. Provided under this parameter should be the single most common vernacular name when one is in widespread use, or a single current scientific name otherwise.. Common names of higher taxa are always given in sentence case (rather than title case) and in the plural (e.g. [22], In 2006, the centre started a project called "Development of Medicinal and Aromatic Oils from Sarawak's Indigenous Plants". [29] It's essential oil has a woody and herbal scent[23] which is described by perfumists as "spicy". [5] In 2017, SBC hosted BioBorneo and Bioeconomy Day. Invasive species are migrant species that stand in the gap of native species by out competing them. [6][7], This programmed existed to prevent the loss of traditional knowledge in the indigenous communities because of the knowledge pass to the next generations through oral tradition only. This programme is also developing plant tissue culture capabilities for mass propagations and genetic transformation of plants. b) Constitution of Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC’s) at the Panchayat and Municipal level for decentralized management of Bio-resource. The variable climatic conditions and physical features have endowed Nigeria with a very rich biodiversity. The local level Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) are responsible for promoting conservation, sustainable use and documentation of biological diversity including preservation of habitats, conservation of land races, folk varieties and cultivars, domesticated stocks and breeds of animals and microorganisms and chronicling of knowledge relating to biological diversity. The original impetus for these plans derives from the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Coinciding with the date of the 2010 Biodiversity Target, the year was declared by the 61st session of the United Nations General Assembly in 2006. Sarawak Biodiversity Centre (SBC) was established in 1997 following the enactment of Sarawak Biodiversity Centre Ordinance by the Sarawak state government for conservation, utilization, protection and sustainable development of biodiversity in the state. • Biodiversity was first termed by E.O. biodiversity exploratories, the DFG provides a plat-form for long-term functional biodiversity research. The NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 commenced on 25 August 2017. It is a distributed platform of stand-alone, taxon-specific, natural history websites that give ownership and recognition to contributing naturalists. This article incorporates text from a free content work. The term biodiversity first appeared in a publication in 1988 when entomologist E. O. Wilson used it as a title. [20][21] This is followed by the screening of more Aglaia samples which led to compounds that are active against MCF-7 cell line and NCI-60 cell line in 2008. monocultures of the mind perspectives on biodiversity and biotechnology Nov 16, 2020 Posted By Jir? In 2004, the centre was relieved of its regulatory role and started to involve in biotechnology-based research of the biological resources in the state. phylogenetic diversity, species diversity, genetic diversity, nucleotide diversity). Interactions between drivers often exacerbate their effects on BFA [i.e. [28] A study funded by BirdLife International confirms that 51 species of birds are critically endangered and 8 could be classified as extinct or in danger of extinction. biodiversity loss and contributes to climate change through reducing carbon sequestration. [16], Biodiversity loss also threatens the structure and proper functioning of the ecosystem. [35], Many activists and scholars have suggested that there is a connection between plant patent protection and the loss of crop biodiversity,[36] although such claims are contested. This subsystem offer the possibility to retrieve, manage and elaborate biodiversity data under a single model, with a domain-specific API, and regardless of its source of origin. Nomenclature and Classification > Taxon Record Name > Scientific Name. biodiversity Bedeutung, Definition biodiversity: 1. the number and types of plants and animals that exist in a particular area or in the world…. "[31][32] The report states that this is being caused by “a variety of drivers operating at a range of levels” and more specifically that “major global trends such as changes in climate, international markets and demography give rise to more immediate drivers such as land-use change, pollution and overuse of external inputs, overharvesting and the proliferation of invasive species. [13] The direct effects of urban growth on habitat loss are well understood:Building construction often results in habitat destruction and fragmentation. Nearly one third of the world's land area is used for food production. Thus, we created this Biodiversity Of India website. Establishing databases One of the main problems of biodiversity research is the vastness and nature of the data that have been or will need to be recorded. [34] Raw counts may not be as ecologically relevant as relative or absolute abundances. Biodiversity is traditionally defined as the variety of life on Earth in all its forms and it comprises the number of species, their genetic variation and the interaction of these lifeforms. Taking into account the relative frequencies, a considerable number of biodiversity indexes has been developed. Retrieved from "https: ... iDigBio is funded by grants from the National Science Foundation's Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections Program [DBI-1115210 (2011-2018) and DBI-1547229 (2016-2021)]. The plant extracts are then deposited into the natural products library. currently every model addresses different components of biodiversity and different processes . [15] These two factors play a huge role towards biodiversity loss and entirely depended on human-driven factors. Biodiversity is commonly identified at three levels. Das biologische Leben ist so anpassungsfähig, dass überall verschiedene Lebewesen zu finden sind, die in Biotop-Systemen zusammen existieren; sich gegenseitig nutzen, aber auch schaden (ökologische Gleichgewichte). [23] From indigenous traditional knowledge documentation programme, Litsea cubeba tree found at Bario, Lawas, and Padawan municipality was used for essential oil extraction with the support from Global Environment Facility (GEF) grant and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Wiki - Documentation. Wikipedia Externe Quellen (nicht geprüft) ... the Slow Food Award for the Defence of Biodiversity, set up in 2000 to recognise and support research, production, marketing and cataloguing activities in favour of agro-biodiversity. [27][25], In 2007, Adenosma nelsonioides (known as Bunga Ta'ang by the Bidayuh community) was documented by Sarawak Biodiversity Centre at Padawan area. With the help of experienced Wikipedians, attendees will learn to edit Wikipedia and improve or create Wikipedia articles related to women in natural history, drawing on the Biodiversity Heritage Library’s free and extensive online collections as source materials. These biodiversity databases concentrate on taxonomy issues such as taxon names, taxon author information, synonymy and classification etc., and regard this information as the ‘data’. For example, studies over the last two decades have demonstrated that more biologically diverse ecosystems are more productive. India also has a rich cultural heritage going back thousands of years. Harmonizing Global Biodiversity Modelling . Agricultural biodiversity provides not only food and income but also raw materials for clothing, shelter, medicines, breeding new varieties, and performs other services such as maintenance of soil fertility and biota, and soil and water conservation, all of which are essential to human survival. It occupies a total land area of 923,768km 2 with a population 160 million people (Wikipedia, 2011). The 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets, part of the CBD's Strategic Plan 2011–2020, were published in 2010. [19], In 2002, the centre filed a patent for two cyclopentabenzofuran compounds similar to silvestrol extracted from Aglaia species that had shown anti-cancer activities in THP-1 cell line and A549 cell lines. Extinction of species and local reduction or loss of species in a given habitat, Human-driven biodiversity loss and ecological effects, latitudinal gradients in species diversity, Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, License statement/permission on Wikimedia Commons, "Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity", "Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction", "Estimating the normal background rate of species extinction", "The past and future human impact on mammalian diversity", "Estimating local biodiversity change: a critique of papers claiming no net loss of local diversity", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Endangered Species List Expands to 16,000", Causes and consequences of biodiversity declines, "biodiversity loss causes effects and facts", "Fifth of countries at risk of ecosystem collapse, analysis finds", "Land use intensification alters ecosystem multifunctionality via loss of biodiversity and changes to functional composition", "Invasive species triggers a massive loss of ecosystem services through a trophic cascade", "More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas", "Common pesticide makes migrating birds anorexic", "These 8 Bird Species Have Disappeared This Decade", Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, "The Rapid Decline Of The Natural World Is A Crisis Even Bigger Than Climate Change", "Veggie Tales: Pernicious Myths about Patents, Innovation, and Crop Diversity in the Twentieth Century", "All Is Not Loss: Plant Biodiversity in the Anthropocene", "More than 150 countries made a plan to preserve biodiversity a decade ago. Global forest vegetation stores 283 Gt of carbon in its biomass, 38 Gt in dead wood and 317 Gt in soils (top 30 cm) and litter. Häufig wird sie differenziert nach Flora oder Fauna oder noch konkreter nach den traditionellen biologischen Klassen (etwa Artenvielfalt der Pflanzen, der Bäume, der … [18], An October 2020 analysis by Swiss Re found that one-fifth of all countries are at risk of ecosystem collapse as the result of anthropogenic habitat destruction and increased wildlife loss. We aim to become a comprehensive information for all Indian biodiversity … • The database should be linked to a network of local, national and international levels that make information accessible. Biodiversity Of India is a wiki run under the umbrella of Project Brahma, a not-for-profit initiative aimed to create awareness about biodiversity conservation and the domino effects of species loss in India and across the world.. Project Brahma []. [26] Overtime, a range of products such as freshener, soap, shampoo, and handwash are produced from the essential oil extract. The Caribbean Islands 4. c) Documentation of Biodiversity, its uses, traditional knowledge and practices associated with it, in the form of People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs), involving local peoples through the concerning BMCs. For biologists, biodiversity is the diversity of populations of organisms and species, but also the way these organisms function. biodiversity synonyms, biodiversity pronunciation, biodiversity translation, English dictionary definition of biodiversity. The concept of biodiversity is a recent one. [43] The report also singled out Australia, Brazil and Cameroon and the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) for having had one of its animals lost to extinction in the past 10 years. By securing the life-sustaining goods and services which biodiversity provides to us, the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity can provide significant benefits to our health. A biodiversity action plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program addressing threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems. (2000) "Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities." documentation variable . The 35th G8 summit held in L’Aquila endorsed the “Carta di Siracusa” on Biodiversity, on the first day of meetings, July 8, 2009 turn it into a political statement of the heads of state and Governments, and considering it as an essential tool for establishing environmental priorities in global biodiversity.. With the increase in temperature expected from increasing greenhouse gases, there will be higher levels of air pollution, greater variability in weather patterns, and changes in the distribution of vegetation in the landscape. Models indicate that about half of the biosphere has seen a "substantial net anthropogenic change" in species richness. [31], Traditional Knowledge Documentation Programme, Research and Development (Bioprospecting) Programme, "Latest Events and Happenings-BioBorneo and Bioeconomy Day 2017", "Sharing R&D efforts in BioBorneo and Bioeconomy Day", "Intellectual Property Rights - Current breakthroughs", "Therapeutic compounds and methods - US6710075B2", "Biodiversity Make Scents - Essential Oil Project", "The LITSARA Story - Innovating Ancestral Knowledge", "Health and Wellness: Litsara Natural liquid handwash captures Borneo's Indigenous Traditional Knowledge", "LitSara souvenir sets of natural personal care products to be sold at hotels in Kuching and Miri", "SBC collaboration market boost for LitSara products", "Bunga Ta'ang - An essential oil producing herb from Sarawak", "Effect of Bunga Ta'ang essential oil volatile vapour on growth of the plant pathogenic fungus: Ganoderma boninense", "Intellectual property of Bunga Ta'ang filed for protection, says State Secretary", "Genome-wide identification of multifunctional laccase gene family in cotton (Gossypium spp. The rise of urbanization greatly reduced biodiversity when large areas of natural habitat are fragmented. Besides richness, evenness and heterogeneity are considered to be the main dimensions along which diversity can be measured. Biodiversity itself is not a single concept but can be split up into various scales (e.g. As of 9 November 2020, a total of 6,420 plants were documented with 1,713 species of plants identified. The biologist Luisa Arnedo said: "as soon as the habitat is gone, they're gone too". Incentives are required to protect species and conserve their natural habitat and disincentivize habitat loss and degradation (e.g. In December 2003, Sarawak State Legislative Assembly passed the Sarawak Biodiversity Centre (Amendment) Ordinance 2003. [citation needed], In 2019 the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), an international organization, reported that up to a million plant and animal species are facing extinction because of human activities. Datum: 1. (2017) conclude that "the widespread insect biomass decline is alarming. consensus required for … In its Article 2, this Convention defines biodiversity as “the variability of living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, ma… Since then, the term has often been used by biologists, environmentalists, political leaders, and citizens. ... Meta-Wiki Community coordination & documentation. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. This garden provides raw plant materials for research and development. This programme is carried through capacity building workshops where local communities are trained with documentation techniques, growing and management of useful indigenous plants. [24] The essenial oil has a crisp and citrus lemony scent. explicit about components and feedbacks . A Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program addressing threatened species and habitats, which is designed to protect and restore biological systems. Following these revisions, Sarawak Biodiversity Centre was relieved of its previous role and assumed a new role of research and development of the state biological resources and documentation of indigenous knowledge of utilising biological resources. This garden is also opened for public education and tours. [10], This programme collects, propagates and plants the indigenous flora of Sarawak that are used by the indigenous communities in the state. There are a number of definitions and measures of biodiversity. slowfood.it. In 2004, the centre was relieved of its regulatory role and started to involve in biotechnology-based research of the biological resources in the state. [29], The critical decline of earthworms (with a mean of –83.3 %) has been recorded under non-ecological agricultural practices. Bahrain was home to Dilmun, an important Bronze Age trade centre linking Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley. Biodiversity or biological diversity is the diversity of life.There are a number of definitions and measures of biodiversity. [37], Humans have altered plant richness in regional landscapes worldwide transforming more than 75% of the terrestrial biomes to the "anthropogenic biomes." implementing sustainable development including targets of SDG 15). [17], It features biological resources databases, a natural product library, and traditional knowledge databases. [38], There are so many conservation challenges when dealing with biodiversity loss that a joint effort needs to be made through public policies, economic solutions, monitoring and education by governments, NGOs, conservationists etc. The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity includes 20 time-bound, measurable targets to be met by the year 2020 (Aichi Biodiversity Targets). [42] The report highlighted that if the status quo is not changed, biodiversity will continue to decline due to "currently unsustainable patterns of production and consumption, population growth and technological developments". Germany thus takes on a pioneering role in the inter-national research arena. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use. It links together specimen data from natural history collections, botanical/zoological gardens and research institutions worldwide with information from huge observation databases. Biodiversity indicators aim at using quantitative data to measure aspects of biodiversity, ecosystem condition, services, and drivers of change. Biodiversity conservation is the protection and management of biodiversity to obtain resources for sustainable development. Sarawak Biodiversity Centre is a statutory body that was set up by the government of Sarawak in 1997 for the regulation of access and collection of biological resources for research or commercial purposes. [16], Extracts obtained from the extraction laboratory and microbiology laboratory are sent here for isolation and purification using various chromatographic techniques. The Atlantic Forest To compare rates between different geographic regions latitudinal gradients in species diversity should also be considered.